If we don't understand solitary living, then we cannot understands its alternatives, pair- and group-living!
A Fundamental Problem
A fundamental problem in social evolution is the misconception that solitary living needs no explanation. Since the 1950s, evolutionary biologists and behavioral ecologists have studied why animals live in groups, but not the alternative of why many species live solitarily.
It is Time to Study Solitary Living as an Biological Trait
Mechanisms of solitary living. Behavioral mechanisms like aggression, avoidance, and absence of social attraction. Neuro-endocrine mechanisms of solitary living. Neural mechanisms of solitary living. Ecology of solitary living: under which environmental conditions is it adaptive, and why? Evolution of solitary living: costs and benefits of solitary living
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